The Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis came into existence as a group of signatories of an open letter to the scientific community. The letter (dated June 6, 1991) has been submitted to the editors of Nature, Science, The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine. All have refused to publish it. In 1995 The Group was able to get a letter published in Science.

To the editor:

It is widely believed by the general public that a retrovirus called HIV causes the group diseases called AIDS. Many biochemical scientists now question this hypothesis. We propose that a thorough reappraisal of the existing evidence for and against this hypothesis be conducted by a suitable independent group. We further propose that critical epidemiological studies be devised and undertaken.

Signatories:

• Charles A. Thomas, Jr. Ph.D. (Mol. Biologist, Pres. Helicon Fnd., San Diego, CA)
• Harvey Bialy, Ph.D. (Editor Bio/Technology, New York, NY)
• Harry Rubin, D.V.M. (Prof. Cell Biology, Univ. Cal. Berkeley, CA)
• Richard C. Strohman, Ph.D. (Prof. Cell Biology, Univ. Cal. Berkeley, CA)
• Phillip E. Johnson (Prof. Law, Univ. Cal. Berkeley, CA)
• Gordon J. Edlin, Ph.D. (Prof. Biochem. & Physics, Univ. Hawaii, HI)
• Beverly E. Griffin, Ph.D. (Dir. Dept. Virology, Royal Postgrad. Med. School, London, UK)
• Robert S. Root-Bernstein (Prof. Physiology, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI)
• Gordon Stewart, M.D. (Emeritus Prof. Public Health, Epidemiologist, Isle of Wight, UK)
• Carlos Sonnenschein, M.D. (Tufts Univ., Medicine, Boston, MA)
• Richard L. Pitter, Ph.D. (Dessert Research Inst., Univ. Nevada System, Reno NV)
• Nathaniel S. Lehrman, M.D. (Psychiatrist, Roslyn, NY)
• John Lauritsen (Author 'Poison by Prescription', New York, NY)
• William Holub, Ph.D. (Biochemist, Live Sciences Inst. New York, NY)
• Claudia Holub, Ph.D. (Biochemist, Live Sciences Inst. New York, NY)
• Frank R. Buianouckas Ph.D. (Prof. Mathematics, Cuny, Bronx, NY)
• Philip Rosen, Ph.D. (Prof. Physics, Univ. Mass. Amherst, MA)
• Steven Jonas, M.D. (Prof. Preventive Medicine, Suny Stony Brook, NY)
• Bernard K. Forscher, Ph.D (Ret. Editor Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Santa Fe, NM)
• Kary B. Mullis, Ph.D. (Biochemist, PCR inventor, Consultant, La Jolla, CA.)
• Jeffrey A. Fisher, M.D. (Pathologist, Mendham, NJ)
• Hansueli Albonico, M.D. (General Practitioner, Langnau, Switzerland)
• Robert Hoffman, Ph.D. (Prof. Dept. Pediatrics Univ. Cal. Med. School, San Diego, CA)
• Timothy H. Hand, Ph.D. (Dept. Psychology, Oglethorpe Univ. Atlanta, GA)
• Eleni Eleopulos, M.D. (Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, West Australia)
• Robert W. Maver, F.S.A., M.A.A. (Dir. Research, Mutual Benefit Life, Kansas City, MO)
• Ken N. Matsumura, M.D. (Chairman Alin Foundation & Research Inst., Berkeley, CA.)
• David T. Berner, M.D. (Condon, MT)
• Theodor Wieland, Ph.D. (Max Planck Institut, Heidelberg, Germany)
• Joan Shenton, M.A. (Meditel, London, UK)
• John Anthony Morris, Ph.D. (Biochemist, Bell of Atari College Park, MD)
• Sungchul Ji, Ph.D. (Prof. Pharmacology & Toxicology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ)
  

In addition there were 14 others who have added their signatures in July 1991.

By March 1993 the following persons had added their signatories:

• Vahagn Agbabian, D.O. (Pontiac, MI)
• Barry R. Alexavich (Cell Biologist, Bristol, CT)
• David T. Berner, M.D. (Condon, MT)
• Shelly B. Blam, Ph.D. (Alameda, CA)
• Lawrence Bradford, Ph.D. (Benedictine College, Atchison, KS)
• Carl Bradford, J.D. (San Diego, CA)
• Michael Callen (Author 'Surviving AIDS', Hollywood, CA)
• Melinda Calleira (Pres. Amer. Ass. Science & Public Policy, Los Angeles, CA)
• Hiram Caton, Ph.D. (Prof. App. Ethics, Griffith Univ., Brisbane, Australia)
• Dennis Chaney, Ph.D. (Chaney Scientific Inc. Burlingame, CA)
• Michelle Cochrane (Emeryville, CA)
• Hywel Davies, M.D. (Cardiologist, Pueblo West, CO)
• Marlowe Dittlebrandt, M.D. (Portland, OR)
• Peter H. Duesberg, Ph.D. (Prof. Mol. Biology, Univ. Cal. Berkeley, CA)
• Bryan J. Ellison (Author, Berkeley, CA)
• Michael Ellner (HEAL, New York, NY)
• Fabio Franchi, M.D. (Trieste, Italy)
• Trish Fahey (New York, NY)
• Celia Farber (Writer, New York, NY)
• Lawrence A. Falk, Jr., Ph.D. (Virologist Abott Labs, Consultant NCI, Chicago, IL)
• James A. Fimea, Ph.D. (Laguna Beach, CA)
• Harry Flynn, (Author, Hollywood, CA)
• William L. Gardner, Ph.D. (Wellesley, MA)
• Arnold W. Giddens (Shingle Springs, CA)
• Robert Grabowski (Birminghan, MI)
• Martin Haas, Ph.D. (Dept. Biology Cancer Center, Univ. Cal., San Diego, CA)
• Alfred Haessig, M.D. (Emeritus Prof. Immunolgy Univ. Bern, Switzerland)
• Urs Haldimann (Editor, Swiss Ass. Science Writers, Arisdorf, Switzerland)
• Neville Hodgkinson (Science Correspondent The Sunday Times, London, UK)
• John Holmdahl, Ph.D. (Los Angeles, CA)
• Ross Horne (Montville, Queensland, Austalia)
• Heinrich Kremer, M.D. (Mueckenburg, Germany)
• Hans J. Kugler, Ph.D. (Editor Prev. Med. Update, Redondo Beach, CA)
• Robert Laarhoven (S.A.A.O., Hilversum, The Netherlands)
• Paul Lineback, M.S. (Eastern Oregon State College)
• Henk Loman, Ph.D. (Prof. Biophysics, Free Univ. Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
• Judith Lopez (San Francisco, CA)
• Maurizio Luca-Moretti, Ph.D. (InterAmerican Medical Health Ass., Boca Raton, FL)
• William H. McIlhany, I.R.F. (Beverly Hills, CA)
• Peter McKeever, L.L.B. (London, UK)
• Michael D. Mellgard (Los Angeles, CA)
• David Mertz (Dept. Philosophy, Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst)
• Richard Mitchell, Ph.D. (Assoc. Prof. Sociology, Oregon State Univ, Corvalus, OR)
• Joseph E. Morrow, Ph.D. (Cal. State Univ. Sacramento, CA)
• Cindy Orser (Ast. Prof. Bacteriology, Univ. Idaho, Moscow, ID)
• Hannes G. Pauli, M.D. (Former Director Bern Univ. Med. Faculty, Bern, Switzerland)
• Paul Rabinow, Ph.D. (Prof. Dept. Anthropology Univ. Cal., Berkeley, CA)
• Jon Rappoport (Author 'AIDS Inc.')
• Dennis D. Rathman (Staff Member Lincoln Labs, Lexington, MA)
• Rodney M. Richards, Ph.D. (Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA)
• Judith Riesman, Ph.D. (Author, Arlington, VA)
• Michael Ristow, Ph.D. (Bochum, Germany)
• Mel T. Roach (Avatar Research, Tuscon, AZ)
• Gary Robertson (Broadbeach Waters, Queensland, Australia)
• Frank Rothschild (Project Dir., Berkeley Project on Bioscience & Society, CA)
• David F. Salehi, Ph.D. (Lake Dallas, TX)
• Caspar Schmidt, M.D. (Psychiatrist, New York)
• Russell Schoch (Editor California Monthly, Berkeley, CA)
• Frederic I. Scott, Jr. (Editor American Clinical Laboratory, Baltimore, MD)
• Udo Schuklenk (Dept. Ethics, Monash Univ., Melbourne, Australia)
• Jeremy F. Selvey (Los Angeles, CA)
• David Shugar, Ph.D. (Prof. Biophysics, Univ. Warsaw, Editor Pharmacol. Therap., Poland)
• Sonja Silva (Los Lunas, NM)
• Ernest G. Silver, Ph.D. (Radiation Biologist, Oak Ridge, TN)
• Lockie M. Swengel (Del Mar, CA)
• Frederick Tobin, Ph.D. (Gorke, Australia)
• Jack True (Clayton, GA)
• La Trombetta (Burzynski Research Inst., Houston, TX)
• Friedrich Ulmer, Ph.D. (Prof. Math. & Stat., Bergische Univ., Wuppertal, Germany)
• Michael Verney-Elliot (Meditel, London, UK)
• Darrell G. Wells, Ph.D. (Emeritus Prof. Plant Sciences, Brookings, SD)
• Wai Yeung, M.D. (Orinda, CA)

By September 1993 the following persons had added their signatories:

• Jeanette S. Abel M.D. (Portland, OR)
• Jad Adams, M.A. (Author 'AIDS; The HIV Myth,' London, UK)
• Patricia Akeman, R.N. (Goleta, CA)
• John B. Andelin, M.D. (Mercy Hospital, Williston, ND)
• Mark Anderson, D.C. (Orlando, FL)
• James C. Baker, Ph.D. (Santa Rosa, CA)
• Andrew A. Benson, Ph.D. (La Jolla, CA)
• Richard M.A. Berger, DDS (Berkeley, CA)
• Robert W. Birge, Ph.D. (Berkeley, CA)
• John S. Blankfort, DDS (San Francisco, CA)
• Dorothy L. Bosworth, Ph.D. (Carlsbad, CA)
• Tucker Brawner, DPM (Savannah, GA)
• Brian E. Briggs, M.D. (Minot, ND)
• Douglas W. Brown, M.D. (Portland, ME)
• John B. Burgin, DDS (Crowley, LA)
• Susan E. Caliri, DDS (Berkeley, CA)
• Ivor Catt, M.A. (St. Albans, UK)
• Asit K. Chakraborty, Ph.D. (Omaha, NE)
• Jack G. Chamberlain, Ph.D. (Berkeley, CA)
• Colleen Cook, R.N. (Wilmington, DE)
• Daniel J. Corson, MFA (Seattle, WA)
• J. Mark Cox, DDS (Midland, TX)
• Etienne De Harven, M.D. (St. Cezaire sur Siagne, France)
• Richard W. DeLisle D.C. (Leominster, MA)
• James DeMeo Ph.D. (El Cerrito, CA)
• Thomas A. Dorman, M.D. (San Luis Obispo, CA)
• Mohammad Entezampour, Ph.D. (Dept. Biology Univ. North Texas, Denton, TX)
• Rafael Escribano, Ph.D. (Dept. Span.& Port. Univ. Cal. Riverside, TX)
• Sami E. Fathalla, M.D., Ph.D. (Damman, Saudi Arabia)
• Richard A. Fisher (Inter. Acad. Oral Med. & Toxicol., Annandale, VA)
• Scott D. Flamm, M.D. (San Francisco, CA)
• Michael R. Fox Ph.D. (Richland, WA)
• Donato Fumarola, M.D. (Inst. Microbiolia Medica, Bari, Italy)
• Charles L. Geshekter, Ph.D. (Dept. History, Cal. State Univ, Chico, CA)
• Todd Gestaldo, D.C. (Sunnyvale, CA)
• Edward S. Golub, Ph.D. (Pacific Center for Ethics & App. Biol., Solana Beach, CA)
• John Hardie, BDS (Dept. Dentistry Vancouver General Hospital, British Columbia, Canada)
• Robert J. Henderson, D.C. (Locust Valley, NY)
• Charles A. Hill, M.D. (Houston, TX)
• Charles Hoff, Ph.D. (Univ. South. Alabama, AL)
• Mark E. Jarmel, D.C. (Santa Monica, CA)
• Anne Marie Jeay, Ph.D. (Univ. Nancy II, France)
• Jens Jerndal M.D. (Lanzarote, Spain)
• Donald J. Johnson, DDS (Coeur d'Alene, ID)
• William H. Jordan Jr, Ph.D. (Culver City, CA)
• Dennis G. Kinnane, DOM (Torrence, CA)
• Claus Kohnlein, M.D. (Kiel, Germany)
• Stefan T.J. Lanka, Ph.D. (Radolfzell, Germany)
• Barry A. Liebling, Ph.D. (New York, NY)
• Michel Lobrot, Ph.D. (Univ. Paris VIII, Les Lilas, France)
• Howard C. Mel, Ph.D. (Berkeley, CA)
• Th. H.L. Michiels, M.D. (Vinkeveen, The Netherlands)
• James W. Miller, M.D. (San Leandro, CA)
• R. Munck, M.D. (Ceret, France)
• Cindy Nelson, M.A. (San Francisco, CA)
• Raymond W. Novaco, M.D. (Prof. Psychology & Soc. Behavior, Univ. Cal., Irvine, CA)
• Sam Okware, M.D. (Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda)
• David J. Orman, M.Sc. (San Diego, CA)
• George N. Pasto, M.D. (Portland, OR)
• M. Dennis Paul, MscM (Amherst, NH)
• Jack Perrine, Ph.D. (Pasadena, CA)
• John L. Philp, M.D., MPH (Stockton, CA)
• Peter W. Plumley, FSA (Chicago, IL)
• Ronald F. Price, Ph.D. (La Trobe Univ., Bundoora, Victoria, Australia)
• David W. Rasnick, Ph.D. (Alameda, CA)
• Richard A. Ratner, M.D. (Bethesda, MD)
• Rogers Reddings, Ph.D. (Univ. North Texas, Denton, TX)
• Stephen J. Repitor, DPM (Oak Park, MI)
• Douglas Roise, M.D. (St. Joseph's Hospital, Dickenson, ND)
• Steven Roman, Ph.D. (San Diego, CA)
• Cristobal A.P. Sandoval, M.D. (Cuba)
• Alex Santoro, M.A. (Kansas City, MO)
• George Sarant, M.D. (Bronx, NY)
• David R. Schryer, Ph.D. (Hampton, VA)
• C. Grier Sellers, C.A. (Seattle, WA)
• James T. Shepherd, M.D. (Port Arthur, TX)
• John G. Shiber, Ph.D. (Univ. Kentucky, Prestonberg, KY)
• Irving P. Silberman, O.D. (Hyde Park, NY)
• Tony Smith, CAGS (New York, NY)
• James P. Snyder, Ph.D. (Glenview, IL)
• James K. Stack, LLD (San Francisco, CA)
• Mark S. Stanley, Ph.D. (Dept. Biol. Sciences, Univ. North Texas, Denton, TX)
• Ralph R. Stephens, LMT (Cedar Rapids, IA)
• Joe Thomas, Ph.D. (ICMR-WHO Proj. on AIDS, Calcutta, India)
• Richard A. Tuscher, D.O. (Portland, OR)
• Jean van Camp, M.A. (New Martinsville, WV)
• Raul Vergini, M.D. (Predappio, Italy)
• James H. Warner, LLD (Rohersville, MD)
• Edward J. Wawszkiewicz, Ph.D. (Chicago, IL)
• Johathan C. Wells, Ph.D. (Fairfield, CA)
• Adrian M. Wenner, Ph.D. (Dept. Biol. Sciences, Univ. Cal., Santa Barbara, CA)
• Manfred Wetter, Ph.D. (Copperbelt Univ., Kitwe, Zambia)
• Derek A. Wolfe, DBM (North Devon, UK)
• L.B. Work, M.D. (Monterey, CA)
• Hung-His Wu, Ph.D. (Dept. Math. Univ. Cal., Berkeley, CA)
• James Wu, M.D. (Foster City, CA)
• Stanley J. Zyskowski, Ph.D. (Farmington Hills, MI)
• Chr. Anti-Com. Crusade (Long Beach, CA)
• Mark Alampi (Project AIDS Inter., Los Angeles, CA)
• W.H. Beauman (Chicago, IL)
• Tom Bethell (Washington, DC)
• Darren S. Billings (Portland, ME)
• Lloyd Billingsley (San Diego, CA)
• David Black (New York, NY)
• Paul N. Borland (Coal Point, New South Wales, Australia)
• Douglas Bowes (Sarasota, FL)
• James Boyle (Alvin, TX)
• Harvey Braun (Bloomsfield, MI)
• Ernie Brown (Albuquerque, NM)
• Elizabeth Burbank (Seattle, WA)
• Peter J. Buxtun (San Francisco, CA)
• Colleen Y. Campbell (King City, CA)
• Eric R. Carle (New York, NY)
• David Carponter (Continuum, London, UK)
• Dagmar Carstensen (Washington, DC)
• Wm. J. Carter (Tucker, GA)
• John M. Chaplick (Haverhill, MA)
• Fred A. Cline, Jr. (San Francisco, CA)
• Annemarie Colbin (New York, NY)
• Patrick A. Cooke (Dept. Biology, Univ. North Texas, Denton, TX)
• Paul Coombs (Everette, WA)
• Bryan J. Coyle (Woodacre, CA)
• Timothy Cwiek (Philadelphia, PA)
• Pascal DeBock (London, UK)
• Douglas J. Didrick (Los Angeles, CA)
• Tom DiFerdinando (New York, NY)
• John P. Doyle (Philadelphia, PA)
• Gil Egger (Geneva, Switzerland)
• Alfredo Embid (Madrid, Spain)
• Todd Erickson (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada)
• Carl Etterman (Hamtramck, MI)
• Carlos E. Fonseca (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
• Robert Friedman (Queens, NY)
• Arnold W. Giddens (Shingle Springs, CA)
• Cliff Kali Goodman (New York, NY)
• Kathy Goss (San Francisco, CA)
• James A. Grisanzio (Waltham, MA)
• William I. Grosky (Southfield, MI)
• Bob Guccione, Jr. (Editor Spin Magazine, New York, NY)
• Judy Hagbery (Prineville, OR)
• Tino Harikipoulo (Paris, France)
• Philip Harris (New York, NY)
• Byron R. Hartenstine (Muncy, PA)
• Ann Marie Heffner (Los Angeles, CA)
• Jane Heimlich (Cincinnatti, OH)
• Richard Henriques (London, UK)
• Ron & Linda Hiebert (Apo, AE)
• Hippocrates Health Centre (Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia)
• James P. Hogan (Pensacola, FL)
• William T. Holmes (San Diego, CA)
• Chase Hooks (Irving, TX)
• Joe Horton (Foresthill, CA)
• Carroll L. Hoyt (Escondido, CA)
• Vic Humeniuk (Monterey, TN)
• I.U.A.A. (Dortmund, Germany)
• Thomas Izzo (Union City, NY)
• Brian Jacobs (Ft. Lauderdale, FL)
• Allen L. Jogerst (Kalamazoo, MI)
• Christine Johnson (Venice, CA)
• Douglas B. Johnson (East Lansing, MI)
• Edna Ileana Johnson (Albuquerque, NM)
• Creton Kalfoglou (Vienna, Austria)
• Preston J. Kauffman (Pasadena, CA)
• Tim Keller (New York, NY)
• Vladimir L. Koliadin (Kharkov, Ukraine)
• Al Korostynski (Northhampton, MA)
• Daniela Kotev (Lakewood, CA)
• Edward Kowalczyk (Arlington Heights, IL)
• Philippe Krynen (Kagera, Tanzania)
• Sylvestre Kupczak (Paris, France)
• Thomas Kursar (New York, NY)
• Ilse Lass (Berlin, Germany)
• Richard A. Laune (Olathe, KS)
• Lisbeth Lauritzen (Brighton, MA)
• Fernando Levy (Oakland, CA)
• Judith Lopez (San Francisco, CA)
• Dariusz Lakaszynski (Univ. Lund, Sweden)
• Clemmer Mayhew III (Delray Beach, FL)
• Raoul Mazzoni (Reseda, CA)
• Mark McClenaghan (New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada)
• Mark McNeil (Cincinnati, OH)
• Nina Menkes (West Hollywood, CA)
• Ronald E. Milligan (Westminster, CA)
• Fritz H. Mishler (Willamina, OR)
• Clark Molstad (Cal. State Univ., San Bernardino, CA)
• Byron Morgan (Lake Arrowhead, CA)
• Christopher Morrill (San Anselmo, CA)
• Ted Morrison (Park Forest, IL)
• Linda L. Muri (Sudsbury, MA)
• Leah Neal (Austin, TX)
• James W. Nugent (Laguna Beach, CA)
• Jean-Paul Ouelette (Daly City, CA)
• Gerard Pollender (Sherbrook, Quebec, Canada)
• Gordon Punt (Cotati, CA)
• Pamela M. Quinn (Hamel, MN)
• E.A. Racette (New Brunswick, NJ)
• Molly Ratcliffe (London, UK)
• Karen Reedstrom (Roayl Oak, MI)
• Hildegard B. Richter (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
• Dick Rider (San Diego, CA)
• Gary Robertson (Arundel Crest, Queensland, Australia)
• G. Seven Rose (Boston, MA)
• Pece Salvatore (Bari, Italy)
• Cornell Scanlan (Sunnyvale, CA)
• Edward Scanlon (Kansas City, MO)
• Kawi Schneider (Berlin, Germany)
• Michelle B. Shwartz (Oakland, CA)
• Doug Scott (Sacramento, CA)
• James M. Scutero (New York, NY)
• Jean Seely (Roseville, MI)
• John Shaloub (Lyndhurst, NJ)
• Thomas S. Serrill (St. Gabriel, LA)
• Michael D. Sliva (Dallas, TX)
• E. David Smith (Berkeley, CA)
• Toren Smith (San Francisco, CA)
• Herb Snyder (Lake Shore, MN)
• Jeremy Stagg (Warragul, Victoria, Australia)
• Erich Steeg (Daly City, CA)
• Danny Stout (Los Angeles, CA)
• Nathan Stout (Yountville, CA)
• Terrance Leon Sullivan (Los Angeles, CA)
• Hubert O. Teer, Jr. (Durham, NC)
• Hames Thompson (Dowling, MI)
• Charles Thorstenberg (Norman, OK)
• Ralph Torello (Richardson, TX)
• John R. Totter (Oak Ridge, TN)
• James Trabulse (San Francisco, CA)
• Marianne Ueberschar (Downsview, Onatrio, Canada)
• Yahshua Walls (Cincinnati, OH)
• Anita Weissberg (San Francisco, CA)
• Lois Wells (Brookings, SD)
• Jody Wells (Continuum, London, UK)
• John S. Wiggins (Los Angeles, CA)
• Paul R. Zappala (New York, NY)
• Mark Zimmerman (Boston, MA)
• Marvin R. Kitzerow Jr. (Chicago, IL)
• George Milowe, M.D. (Malden, MA)
• John Voll (Los Angeles, CA)

Many others have followed ...

The Group has a board of directors.

The Group has a website.