Peter Duesberg

One of the most important whistleblowers is Dr. Peter Duesberg, professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley.

After studying the AIDS literature, Duesberg started questioning HIV in 1987. He claims there is no virological, nor epidemiological, evidence to back-up the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Instead, the virus is biochemically inactive and harmless, and AIDS is not behaving as a contagious disease, he says.

Over the years Duesberg has published a series of peer-reviewed papers in which he debunks the HIV-AIDS dogma. He also came up with an alternative toxicological explanation for the epidemic.

Here you find a biographic sketch.

Duesberg fought together with Dr. Robert Gallo in the war on cancer. An introduction for Duesberg, by Gallo, can be found here.

Together with Bryan Ellison he wrote an article for Policy Review. It can be found here. The published responses, and a reply by the authors here.

Here you find an interview from the (London) Times. Here another one from Spin.

The transcript of a lecture by Duesberg for the California Alumni can be found here.

The first two parts of his AIDS-trilogy were published in the U.S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. These papers can be found here and here. Part three can be found here. An addition to these three papers, published in Bio/Technology can be found here.

Duesberg's papers were throroughly peer reviewed but no flaw in fact or logic could be found. Here a story about peer review.

One of the first official responses to his dissent can be found here. Another one here.

A short debate with Gallo et al. was published in Science. Here and here you will find the articles.

Here you will find Duesberg's Opus Magnus.

Go here for the first article about the drug-AIDS hypothesis, written together with Dr. David Rasnick. And here for the second paper with Rasnick published in 1998 in Genetica.

Nature, after attacking him first, censored Duesberg a couple of times. Here a story of censorship.

To silence Duesberg U.S. government officials even tried to bribe him. Read here more about it.

Duesberg (co-)authored three books. 'Infectious AIDS: Have We Been Misled?' which is a collections of his main papers. He is the editor of 'AIDS; Virus or Drug Induced?', a compilation of dissident articles.

Duesberg's story can be read in 'Inventing the AIDS Virus'. The chapter on antiviral therapies can be found here.

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Robert Root-Bernstein

Dr. Robert Root-Bernstein, who held a MacArthur Prize fellowship from 1981 to 1986, is associate professor of physiology at Michigan State University. Root-Bernstein, who made like Duesberg a thorough study of the AIDS literature, has published several controversial articles.

He could also not find any evidence to back up the claim that HIV is the cause of AIDS, that AIDS is a new disease, or that it is contagious. AIDS, according to him a multi-causal condition, could also be caused by well known risk factors.

An interview with Root-Bernstein can be found here

Here you will find his first AIDS review. Another one, published in Research in Immunology, can be found here. Click here for a more recent paper published in Genetica.

An article by Root-Bernstein about prostitutes and AIDS can be found here.

Two of his articles for The Wall Street Journal can be found here and here.

Root-Bernstein is the author of the book 'Rethinking AIDS; The tragic cost of premature consensus'. An extract about the AIDS definitions can be found here.

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The Perth Group

A group of medical scientists from Perth, Australia, is also questioning HIV and AIDS. The team is headed by Eleni Papadopulos-Eleopulos, a medical biophysicist at Royal Perth Hospital, a teaching hospital at the University of Western Australia. The group studied the AIDS literature too, and was able to publish some of their findings.

The research team claims that HIV has never been isolated so far, and questions the existence of the virus-entity. Here you find a summary of their views.

Here you will find the Continuum interview with Papadopulos.

The Perth Group presented their findings at the 12th World AIDS Conference in Geneva. Go here for the presentation.

The review of the AIDS tests, published in Bio/Technology, can be found here. Another controversial AIDS review was published in Genetica, you can find it here. You will find their paper in which they show that Gallo never isolated HIV here.

Dr. Valendar Turner, professor of emergency medicine at University of Western Australia, is one of the other researchers. Click here for an interview with him. Here you will find a talk by him about the HIV tests. For a talk about the existence of HIV, go here. His article about were we have gone wrong can be found here.

They published a paper showing that AZT can not work against HIV. Here you can find it.

An article about the facts and fictions of AIDS in Africa can be found here. For another paper on Africa, go here.

Other members of the team are: Dr. John Papadimitriou, a practicing pathologist and professor at University of Western Australia's medical school. And Dr. David Causer, senior physicist, head of medical physics, and professor at Royal Perth Hospital.

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Gordon Stewart

Dr. Gordon Stewart is professor emeritus of public health at Glasgow University, and a former WHO adviser on AIDS.

Professor Stewart studied the epidemiology of AIDS in the U.K. and other countries, and came also to the conclusion that AIDS is not a viral but a multi-causal behavioral disease.

Some more background information about Stewart and his ideas on AIDS can be found here.

Here you find a paper he published in Genetica.

Stewart wrote an article for the London Sunday Times. Here you can find it. Another article by him was published in the U.K.'s Daily Mail, it can be found here.

Here a more recent story about censorship.

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Alfred Hässig

Dr. Alfred Hässig, (1921-1999) was professor emeritus in immunology at the University of Bern, Director of the Swiss Red Cross Transfusion Service, and President of the Board of Trustees of the International Society of Blood Transfusion. With colleagues he formed the Study Group for Nutrition and Immunity.

The Swiss research group doesn't believe that HIV causes AIDS either. According to Hässig et al. AIDS is a multi-causal disease caused by severe stress.

Go here for an interview with Prof. Hässig.

Here a paper published in Continuum. Here you find another paper on stress and AIDS. Here a paper on antibodies, and here one about T4 lymphocytes. An article about protease inhibitors can be found here.

Here you will find their latest paper about 15 years of AIDS.

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Other Skeptics

The inventor of the polymerase chain reaction, a technique used in AIDS tests, Dr. Kary Mullis, 1993 Nobel prize winner, questions HIV and AIDS. He wrote the foreword for Duesberg's book, here you will find it. Here you find an interview with Mullis, here another one. Here Mullis' story on HIV and AIDS from his book 'Dancing Naked in the Mind Field'.

Together with the founder of The Group Dr. Charles Thomas Jr., a former Harvard and Johns Hopkins professor, and with Phillip Johnson, Mullis wrote several articles. Here you will find their article published in Reason. Here you find some replies. Here another article printed in The San Diego Union-Tribune. An interview with Thomas can be found here.

Johnson is professor of law at the University of California, Berkeley. He wrote another article which can be found here.

Dr. Richard Strohman is professor emeritus in molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. Here the preface he wrote for a book by Duesberg, and here a letter he got published.

Dr. David Rasnick, a pharmaceutical drug designer, is blowing the whistle too. Here you find an article by him, here another one. Here an interview. Go here for a conference report.

Dr. Charles Geshekter is another AIDS dissident and a professor of African history at the California State University, Chico. Here you will find an article published in New African. Here, here, and here some more articles by him about AIDS in Africa.

Dr. Etienne de Harven is emeritus professor of pathology, University of Toronto. He worked in electron microscopy primarily on the ultrastructure of retroviruses throughout his professional career of 25 years at the Sloan Kettering Institute in New York and 13 years at the University of Toronto. Here an article by him questioning the isolation of HIV. Here another one. Here a story about him.

Dr. Joseph Sonnabend, a New York physician and one of the first AIDS researchers, has been questioning the HIV-AIDS hypothesis. Here you will find a story about him. Go here for one of Dr. Sonnabend's papers, here for another.

New York psychiatrist Dr. Casper Schmidt was one of the first to explore the psychosocial background of AIDS. Go here for an interview with Dr. Schmidt, here for his paper published in The Journal of Psychohistory.

Another critic is the actuary Robert Maver F.S.A. M.A.A.. Here an article by him, here another one. An interview with him can be found here.

Another actuary who investigated the case is Peter Plumley F.S.A.. Go here for an article written by him, and here for the transcript of a talk by him.

Dr. Heinrich Kremer was medical director of the Federal Clinics for Juvenile and Young Adult Drug Offenders for five German counties, including Berlin, Bremen, and Hamburg. Here an article by him, here another one. Go for an article about AIDS pneumonia here.

The German virologist Dr. Stefan Lanka studied the virological data, and came also to the conclusion that HIV is a lab fantasy. Here you will find Lanka's story. Go here for an interview. Here his comment on some so-called HIV pictures.

For more see the author index.